A recent review has established a connection between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a widely used type of heartburn medication, and an increased risk of stomach cancer. The findings suggest that using PPIs for more than three months significantly raises the risk of developing this cancer, whereas using them for shorter periods seems to present a lower risk.
PPIs effectively reduce stomach acidity by permanently attaching to the proton pumps in the stomach. These pumps are responsible for releasing protons, which are a key part of stomach acid, and the binding action of PPIs inhibits this release.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently prescribed to manage acid reflux, a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, leading to heartburn. They are also used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a chronic variant of acid reflux, as well as stomach and intestinal ulcers. Some PPIs are available as over-the-counter medications.
In their review, the authors analyzed multiple studies examining the association between PPI usage and cancer risks. They discovered a significant relationship between the use of PPIs and the development of stomach cancer and polyps, though they found no evidence linking PPI use to other forms of cancer.
There are multiple potential mechanisms by which PPIs might contribute to cancer development. These medications increase the pH level of stomach contents, which could disrupt the balance of the gut microbiome. Such disruption might diminish the diversity and number of beneficial bacteria, leading to gastrointestinal inflammation. This inflammation may encourage the growth of harmful bacteria that produce carcinogenic substances.
While PPIs are very effective at managing potentially severe stomach ulcers, they can have accumulating negative effects over time. In contrast to antacids and H2 blockers, which are traditionally used for quick relief of heartburn, PPIs take longer to start working but have a more prolonged effect.
Many patients who experience GERD also suffer from underlying inflammatory gut issues that go unaddressed. By improving their diet over a period of 6-12 weeks, these issues can be managed, often leading to a significant resolution or improvement in GERD symptoms. As a result, patients may only need antacids for relief. Interestingly, although heartburn is commonly treated with acid reducers, it can paradoxically stem from low stomach acid, which might be caused by factors such as aging, thyroid disorders, or a specific autoimmune disease affecting the stomach.
To view the original scientific study click below:
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiological and Mechanistic Evidence
