Sarcopenia is defined by a progressive and widespread reduction in muscle mass and function. Recent research has found that muscle loss typically seen in older adults is associated with a heightened risk of cognitive decline and dementia. This decline in muscle mass can complicate everyday activities and affect a person’s ability to take care of themselves.
Public health studies indicate that approximately 13% of adults aged 65 and older are affected by this condition. A significantly higher prevalence has been observed in those over 75 years of age and among the elderly in senior housing. The onset of muscle loss can begin as early as age 50, with an average annual reduction of 1-2%.
Sarcopenia greatly heightens the risk of falls and fractures by diminishing strength and balance. Additionally, it impacts other bodily systems as skeletal muscles secrete hormones known as myokines that enter the bloodstream and exert widespread effects. Myokines play a crucial role in regulating inflammation, which is vital since people often face chronic inflammation as they age. This persistent inflammation can begin to harm cells and tissues.
Researchers enrolled 621 participants without dementia, averaging 77 years in age. They utilized MRI scans to measure the temporalis muscles of the participants, categorizing them into groups with either large or small muscles. Out of the total, 131 participants had large temporalis muscles, while 488 had small ones. Over an average period of 5.8 years, the study found that participants with smaller temporalis muscles were at a higher risk of developing dementia.
The study indicates that older adults with smaller skeletal muscles have a roughly 60% higher chance of developing dementia, even when other known risk factors are considered. Fortunately, sarcopenia can be managed. Engaging in physical activities like chair exercises and lifting light weights, along with ensuring a protein-rich diet, can help preserve muscle mass.
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Skeletal muscle loss linked to increased risk of dementia
